Peruvian lilies (Alstroemeria spp.), also known as lilies of the Incas or princess lilies, are stunning perennial plants native to South America's mountainous regions.
They resemble true lilies but are distinct in both appearance and botanical classification!
Basic Characteristics
Peruvian lilies grow between 20 inches and over 3 feet tall, with roots that spread, allowing them to colonize the surrounding area. They thrive in full sun but require some shade from the intense afternoon heat, especially in hot climates. These lilies need about 1 inch of water weekly and prefer rich, well-draining soil.
Planting Peruvian Lilies
Planting Tips:
• Plant Peruvian lilies in spring after the risk of frost has passed and when the soil temperature is at least 60°F.
• Select a site with full sun but some afternoon shade in warmer areas.
• Use moist, well-drained soil, and handle the tuberous roots gently as they are brittle.
Ideal Growing Conditions
• Light: Full sun (6–8 hours), with some afternoon shade in hotter climates.
• Soil: Well-drained and slightly acidic soil is ideal. Amending soil with compost or leaf mold can improve fertility.
• Watering: Regular moisture, particularly during hot weather, is necessary. Aim for at least 1 inch of water weekly or water when the soil feels dry to the touch.
• Temperature: Peruvian lilies thrive in temperatures between 65°F to 80°F. High temperatures (over 90°F) can cause the plants to produce blind stems (foliage without flowers).
Popular Types of Peruvian Lily
Several hybrid varieties have been developed to add a variety of colors to the garden, including:
• Fougere: White flowers with purple streaks.
• Moulin Rouge: Vibrant orange and yellow blooms.
• Mauve Majesty: Bright pink flowers with yellow throats.
Pruning Peruvian Lilies
After blooming, cut back the plants to redirect energy from seed production back into the roots, ensuring healthy regrowth.
Propagating Peruvian Lilies
Peruvian lilies can be propagated by dividing their roots or from seed. The most common method is dividing the tubers in early spring:
1. Cut back dead or green growth to about 6 inches.
2. Dig around the clump to lift it from the soil, being careful not to damage the brittle roots.
3. Separate the clumps, ensuring each has 3–5 tubers.
4. Replant immediately, covering with 2 inches of soil.
Growing Peruvian Lilies from Seed
Growing from seed is challenging due to inconsistent germination rates. The process involves cold stratification:
1. Harvest seed pods after flowers fade, dry them, and soak the seeds for 12 hours.
2. Sow the seeds in a sterile potting mix and place in a cool location for one month.
3. Move to a warm, sunny spot after cold treatment until seedlings sprout.
Potting and Repotting
Peruvian lilies can be successfully grown in large containers. Use a container that is at least 8 inches wide and 24 inches deep, and ensure it has drainage holes. Watering should be done carefully to avoid root rot.
Common Pests & Diseases
Although relatively pest-resistant, Peruvian lilies can be affected by slugs, mites, aphids, and whiteflies. Fungal diseases such as botrytis (gray mold) and root rot can also occur. Prevent root rot by ensuring soil is well-draining and spacing plants for better air circulation.
Blooming Problems
If your Peruvian lily stops blooming, it may be due to overcrowding, poor soil, or over-fertilization. To encourage blooming:
1. Ensure the plants get enough sunlight.
2. Deadhead spent blooms to encourage more flowers.
3. Consider dividing the tubers after 5–6 years when blooming slows down.
Peruvian lilies are a stunning addition to any garden, offering beautiful flowers throughout the summer. With proper care, they can thrive and provide you with vibrant blooms year after year.
Exploring the beauty of the Inca lily
Video by Tanya Visser - The Gardener
